Spring Cloud 纯干货，从入门到实战

导读

　　之前写过一篇SpringCloud从入门到精通的点我直达，微服务基础知识点我直达，今天我们使用Spring Cloud模拟一个电商项目。分别有以下2个服务，商品、订单。下面我们开始叭

技术栈

1. SpringBoot整合SpringCloud
2. 通信方式：http restful
3. 注册中心：eruka
4. 断路器：hystrix
5. 网关：zuul

商品服务

功能点

• 商品列表
• 商品详情

订单服务

功能点

• 我的订单
• 下单接口

搭建Eureka Server

创建项目

项目结构

pom.

<??><project ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>eureka_server</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>eureka_server</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>  <java.version>1.8</java.version>  <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>   <scope>test</scope>  </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>    <type>pom</type>    <scope>import</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build></project>

启动类上加注解

application.properties

# 服务端口号server.port=8761# eureka主机名eureka.instance.hostname=localhost# 指定当前主机是否需要向注册中心注册(不用，因为当前主机是Server，不是Client)eureka.client.register-with-eureka=false# 指定当前主机是否需要获取注册信息(不用，因为当前主机是Server，不是Client)eureka.client.fetch-registry=false# 注册中心地址eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone=http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/

启动服务并查看监控台

搭建Eureka Client商品服务

创建项目

项目结构

pom.

<??><project ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>product_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>product_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>  <java.version>1.8</java.version>  <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>   <scope>test</scope>  </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>    <type>pom</type>    <scope>import</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build></project>

View Code

application.properties

# 服务端口号server.port=8771# 服务名称spring.application.name=product_service# 将服务注册到注册中心，eureka_service的地址eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone >package com.ybchen.product_service.controller;import com.ybchen.product_service.service.ProductService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;/** * @ClassName：ProductController * @Description：商品 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/1 8:42 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */@RestController@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product")public class ProductController { @Autowired private ProductService productService; /**  * 商品列表  *  * @return  */ @PostMapping("list") public Object list() {  return productService.listProduct(); } /**  * 根据id查询商品  *  * @param id  * @return  */ @GetMapping("findById") public Object findById(@RequestParam("id") int id) {  return productService.findById(id); }}

Product.java

package com.ybchen.product_service.domain;import java.io.Serializable;/** * @ClassName：Product * @Description：商品实体类 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/1 8:43 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */public class Product implements Serializable { /**  * 内码  */ private String id; /**  * 商品名称  */ private String name; /**  * 价格，分为单位  */ private int price; /**  * 库存  */ private int store; public String getId() {  return id; } public void setId(String id) {  this.id = id; } public String getName() {  return name; } public void setName(String name) {  this.name = name; } public int getPrice() {  return price; } public void setPrice(int price) {  this.price = price; } public int getStore() {  return store; } public void setStore(int store) {  this.store = store; } public Product() { } public Product(String id, String name, int price, int store) {  this.id = id;  this.name = name;  this.price = price;  this.store = store; } @Override public String toString() {  return "product{" +    "id='" + id + '\'' +    ", name='" + name + '\'' +    ", price=" + price +    ", store=" + store +    '}'; }}

View Code

ProductService.java

package com.ybchen.product_service.service;import com.ybchen.product_service.domain.Product;import java.util.List;/** * @ClassName：ProductService * @Description：商品service * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/1 8:45 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */public interface ProductService { /**  * 商品列表  * @return  */ List<Product> listProduct(); /**  * 根据id查询商品  * @param id  * @return  */ Product findById(int id);}

ProductServiceImpl.java

package com.ybchen.product_service.service.impl;import com.ybchen.product_service.domain.Product;import com.ybchen.product_service.service.ProductService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.*;/** * @ClassName：ProductServiceImpl * @Description：ProductService实现类 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/1 8:47 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */@Servicepublic class ProductServiceImpl implements ProductService { //初始化内存商品数据。模拟数据库中存储的商品 private static final Map<Integer, Product> daoMap = new HashMap<>(); @Value("${server.port}") private String port; static {  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {   daoMap.put(i, new Product(i + "", "iphone_" + i, 1000 * i, 10));  } } @Override public List<Product> listProduct() {  Collection<Product> values = daoMap.values();  return new ArrayList<>(values); } @Override public Product findById(int id) {  Product product = daoMap.get(id);  product.setName(product.getName()+"_"+port);  return product; }}

ProductServiceApplication.java

package com.ybchen.product_service;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class ProductServiceApplication { public static void main(String[] args) {  SpringApplication.run(ProductServiceApplication.class, args); }}

启动并查看监控台

　　启动2个服务，并查看监控台

搭建Eureka Client订单服务

创建项目

项目结构

 

pom.

<??><project ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>  <java.version>1.8</java.version>  <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>   <scope>test</scope>  </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>    <type>pom</type>    <scope>import</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build></project>

application.properties

# 服务端口号server.port=8781# 服务名称spring.application.name=order-service# 将服务注册到注册中心，eureka_service的地址eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone　　启动类添加Ribbon注解
 @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate() {  return new RestTemplate(); }
package com.ybchen.order_service;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;@SpringBootApplicationpublic class OrderServiceApplication { /**  * 负载均衡Ribbon  * @return  */ @Bean @LoadBalanced public RestTemplate restTemplate() {  return new RestTemplate(); } public static void main(String[] args) {  SpringApplication.run(OrderServiceApplication.class, args); }}
OrderController.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.controller;import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;@RestController@RequestMapping("api/v1/order")public class OrderController { @Autowired private ProductOrderService productOrderService; @RequestMapping("save") public Object save(@RequestParam("user_id")int userId,@RequestParam("product_id")int productId){  return productOrderService.save(userId,productId); }}
ProductOrder.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.domain;import java.util.Date;/** * 商品订单实体类 */public class ProductOrder { /**  * 主键  */ private int id; /**  * 商品名称  */ private String productName; /**  * 订单流水号  */ private String tradeNo; /**  * 价格，以分位单位  */ private int price; /**  * 创建时间  */ private Date createTime; /**  * 用户id  */ private String userId; /**  * 用户名称  */ private String userName; public int getId() {  return id; } public void setId(int id) {  this.id = id; } public String getProductName() {  return productName; } public void setProductName(String productName) {  this.productName = productName; } public String getTradeNo() {  return tradeNo; } public void setTradeNo(String tradeNo) {  this.tradeNo = tradeNo; } public int getPrice() {  return price; } public void setPrice(int price) {  this.price = price; } public Date getCreateTime() {  return createTime; } public void setCreateTime(Date createTime) {  this.createTime = createTime; } public String getUserId() {  return userId; } public void setUserId(String userId) {  this.userId = userId; } public String getUserName() {  return userName; } public void setUserName(String userName) {  this.userName = userName; } @Override public String toString() {  return "ProductOrder{" +    "id=" + id +    ", productName='" + productName + '\'' +    ", tradeNo='" + tradeNo + '\'' +    ", price=" + price +    ", createTime=" + createTime +    ", userId='" + userId + '\'' +    ", userName='" + userName + '\'' +    '}'; }}
View Code
ProductOrderService.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service;import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;public interface ProductOrderService { ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId);}
ProductOrderServiceImpl.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl;import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.UUID;/** * @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl * @Description：产品订单实现类 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */@Servicepublic class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; /**  * 下单接口  * @param userId 用户id  * @param productId 产品id  * @return  */ @Override public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) {  Object obj=productId;  //get方式  Object forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/findById?id=" + productId, Object.class);  //post方式//  Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();//  map.put("id","1");//  String s = restTemplate.postForObject("", map, String.class);//  System.out.println(s);  System.out.println(forObject);  //获取商品详情  ProductOrder productOrder=new ProductOrder();  productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString());  productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date());  productOrder.setUserId(userId+"");  return productOrder; }}
测试负载均衡
feign实战
简介
　　改造订单服务，调用商品服务获取商品信息
官网例子
点我直达
改造订单服务
添加feign依赖
  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>  </dependency>
<??><project ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>  <java.version>1.8</java.version>  <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>   <scope>test</scope>  </dependency>  <!--openfeign依赖-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>  </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>    <type>pom</type>    <scope>import</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build></project>
启动类上添加注解
　　启动类上添加：@EnableFeignClients
 
添加一个接口
 
ProductClient.java
package com.ybchen.order_service.service;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;/** * 商品服务客户端 */// name=商品服务的服务名==========》spring.application.name=product-service@FeignClient(name = "product-service")@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product")public interface ProductClient { @GetMapping("findById") String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id);}
修改ProductOrderServiceImpl.java
原先
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl;import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;import java.util.Date;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.UUID;/** * @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl * @Description：产品订单实现类 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */@Servicepublic class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService { @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; /**  * 下单接口  * @param userId 用户id  * @param productId 产品id  * @return  */ @Override public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) {  Object obj=productId;  //get方式  Object forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://product-service/api/v1/product/findById?id=" + productId, Object.class);  //post方式//  Map<String,String> map=new HashMap<>();//  map.put("id","1");//  String s = restTemplate.postForObject("", map, String.class);//  System.out.println(s);  System.out.println(forObject);  //获取商品详情  ProductOrder productOrder=new ProductOrder();  productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString());  productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date());  productOrder.setUserId(userId+"");  return productOrder; }}
修改为
 
package com.ybchen.order_service.service.impl;import com.ybchen.order_service.domain.ProductOrder;import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductClient;import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductOrderService;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.Date;import java.util.UUID;/** * @ClassName：ProductOrderServiceImpl * @Description：产品订单实现类 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/2 11:34 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */@Servicepublic class ProductOrderServiceImpl implements ProductOrderService { @Autowired private ProductClient productClient; /**  * 下单接口  *  * @param userId 用户id  * @param productId 产品id  * @return  */ @Override public ProductOrder save(int userId, int productId) {  //-----------调用商品服务开始------------  String byId = productClient.findById(productId);  System.out.println(byId);  //-----------调用商品服务结束------------  //获取商品详情  ProductOrder productOrder = new ProductOrder();  productOrder.setTradeNo(UUID.randomUUID().toString());  productOrder.setCreateTime(new Date());  productOrder.setUserId(userId + "");  return productOrder; }}
测试商品服务
补充(设置服务调用超时时间)
　　默认连接10秒，读取60秒，但是由于hystrix默认是1秒超时
官网案例，点我直达
application.properties
# 设置连接和读取超时时间feign.client.config.default.connect-timeout=5000feign.client.config.default.read-timeout=1100
服务降级熔断(Hystrix)
为什么要用？
　　在一个分布式系统里，一个服务依赖多个服务，可能存在某个服务调用失败，比如超时、异常等，如何能保证在一个依赖出问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务故障，可以通过Hystrix来解决。
官网例子
　　点我直达
修改订单服务
添加依赖
  <!--hystrix依赖-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>  </dependency>
<??><project ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>  <java.version>1.8</java.version>  <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>   <scope>test</scope>  </dependency>  <!--openfeign依赖-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>  </dependency>  <!--hystrix依赖-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>  </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>    <type>pom</type>    <scope>import</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build></project>
View Code
启动类加注解
　　@EnableCircuitBreaker
修改控制层
　　添加注解，@HystrixCommand，并定义回调方法，返回值、入参必须一致！！！！
入参、返回值，不一致会报错
feign结合Hystrix
修改订单服务
开启hystrix
 
# 开启hystrixfeign.hystrix.enabled=true
ProductClient.java
 
package com.ybchen.order_service.service;import com.ybchen.order_service.fallback.ProductClientFallBack;import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;/** * 商品服务客户端 */// name=商品服务的服务名==========》spring.application.name=product-service@FeignClient(name = "product-service",fallback = ProductClientFallBack.class)//@RequestMapping("/api/v1/product")public interface ProductClient { @GetMapping("/api/v1/product/findById") String findById(@RequestParam("id") int id);}
ProductClientFallBack.java
 
package com.ybchen.order_service.fallback;import com.ybchen.order_service.service.ProductClient;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;/** * 针对商品服务，做降级处理 */@Componentpublic class ProductClientFallBack implements ProductClient { @Override public String findById(int id) {  System.out.println("商品服务被降级了~~~~~~~");  return null; }}
验证商品服务熔断
　　为什么对商品服务做了熔断，还返回这个结果呢，那是因为service实现类，内部发生了错误
 
熔断降级服务报警通知(重要)
　　下面写一些伪代码，比如：xxx微服务挂了，然后通过短信、邮件的方式，通知相应的开发人员，紧急处理事故等。
修改订单服务
修改hystrix超时时间
禁用超时时间(不推荐)
hystrix.command.default.execution.timeout.enabled=false
设置超时时间(推荐)
hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds=4000
源码位置讲解
　　通过这种方法，还可以设置更多的hystrix默认值
断路器Dashboard监控仪表盘
修改订单服务
添加依赖
  <!--hystrix仪表盘-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>  </dependency>
<??><project ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.1.18.RELEASE</version>  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>order_service</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>order_service</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>  <java.version>1.8</java.version>  <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR6</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>   <scope>test</scope>  </dependency>  <!--openfeign依赖-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>  </dependency>  <!--hystrix依赖-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>  </dependency>  <!--hystrix仪表盘-->  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix-dashboard</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>  </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>    <type>pom</type>    <scope>import</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build></project>
pom.
启动类上加注解
　　添加：@EnableHystrixDashboard
 
修改配置文件
# 暴露全部的监控信息management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=*
访问仪表盘
　　仪表盘实际工作中用处不大(仁者见仁智者见智)，纯属学习用，具体参数，请自行百度，只要把微服务熔断/降级报警通知处理好，比啥都好👍
微服务网关Zuul
创建项目
项目结构
 
pom.
<??><project ="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ="http://www.w3.org/2001/   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent>  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>  <version>2.2.11.RELEASE</version>  <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ybchen</groupId> <artifactId>api-gateway</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>api-gateway</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties>  <java.version>1.8</java.version>  <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version> </properties> <dependencies>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>  </dependency>  <dependency>   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>   <scope>test</scope>   <exclusions>    <exclusion>     <groupId>org.junit.vintage</groupId>     <artifactId>junit-vintage-engine</artifactId>    </exclusion>   </exclusions>  </dependency> </dependencies> <dependencyManagement>  <dependencies>   <dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>    <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>    <type>pom</type>    <scope>import</scope>   </dependency>  </dependencies> </dependencyManagement> <build>  <plugins>   <plugin>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>   </plugin>  </plugins> </build></project>
pom.
application.properties
server.port=8800# 服务名称spring.application.name=api-gateway# 将服务注册到注册中心，eureka_service的地址eureka.client.service-url.defaultZone　　　比如，原先下单地址：127.0.0.1:8781/api/v1/order/save?user_id=1&product_id=1
　　现在下单地址：127.0.0.1:8800/order-service/api/v1/order/save?user_id=1&product_id=1
自定义路由规则
　　添加application.properties信息
 
# 自定义路由规则，语法：zuul.routes.服务名=自定义路由zuul.routes.order-service=/apigate/**# 不让默认的服务对外暴露接口，语法：zuul.ignored-patterns=服务名zuul.ignored-patterns=/order-service/**# 忽略所有服务# zuul.ignored-patterns=*
处理http请求头为空的问题
 　　默认zuul过滤3个值("Cookie", "Set-Cookie", "Authorization")，解决版本，设置为不过滤
源码解读
添加属性
# 处理http请求头为空的问题zuul.sensitive-headers=
自定义Zuul过滤器之登录鉴权
改造api-gateway项目
新建LoginFilter类
　　新建该类，并继承ZuulFilter，重写里面的方法
 
package com.ybchen.apigateway.filter;import com.fasterimport com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.PrintWriter;import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;/** * @ClassName：LoginFilter * @Description：登录过滤器 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/8 11:16 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */@Component //让Spring扫描到public class LoginFilter extends ZuulFilter { /**  * 过滤类型，有以下类型  * 1、pre  * 2、route  * 3、post  * 4、error  *  * @return  */ @Override public String filterType() {  return PRE_TYPE; } /**  * 过滤器顺序，越小越先执行  *  * @return  */ @Override public int filterOrder() {  return 4; } /**  * 过滤器是否生效  *  * @return  */ @Override public boolean shouldFilter() {  //1、获取上下文  RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();  //2、获取HttpServletRequest  HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();  //3、拿到请求路径，判断是否进行拦截  //System.out.println(request.getRequestURL()); //:8800/apigate/order/api/v1/order/save  //System.out.println(request.getRequestURI()); ///apigate/order/api/v1/order/save  String url = request.getRequestURI();  System.out.println("请求路径url=========>" + url);  if ((url == null ? "" : url.toLowerCase()).startsWith("/apigate/order")) {   return true;  }  return false; } /**  * 过滤器逻辑，业务逻辑  *  * @return  * @throws ZuulException  */ @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException {  System.out.println("请求被拦截啦==============");  //JWT方式  //1、获取上下文  RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();  //2、获取HttpServletRequest  HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();  //3、拿到token  String token = request.getHeader("token"); //请求头拿token  if (token == null || "".equals(token)) {   token = request.getParameter("token"); //get方式拿token  }  //登录校验逻辑，这里推荐JWT方式，做登录鉴权  if (token == null || "".equals(token)) {   //4、不让继续往下走   currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);   //5、设置状态码，401，Unauthorized   currentContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());   sendJsonMessage(currentContext.getResponse(),"用户未登录");  }  return null; } /**  * 响应json数据给前端  *  * @param response  * @param obj  */ private void sendJsonMessage(HttpServletResponse response, Object obj) {  try {   ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();   response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");   PrintWriter writer = response.getWriter();   writer.print(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(obj));   writer.close();   writer.flush();  } catch (Exception e) {   e.printStackTrace();  } }}
用户登录鉴权测试
补充
　　登录鉴权，推荐使用JWT方式，下面我提供我之前的一个项目，JWT的工具类，和拦截器的部分关键代码
  <dependency>   <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>   <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>   <version>0.7.0</version>  </dependency>
pom.
package net.ybclass.online_ybclass.utils;import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;import net.ybclass.online_ybclass.model.entity.User;import java.util.Date;/** * JWT工具类 * 注意点： * 1、生成的token，是可以通过base64进行解密出铭文信息 * 2、base64进行解密出明文信息，修改再进行编码，则会解密失败 * 3、无法作废已颁布的token，除非改密钥 */public class JWTUtils { /**  * 过期时间，一周  */ static final long EXPIRE = 60000 * 60 * 24 * 7; /**  * 加密密钥  */ private static final String SECRET = "ybclass.net168"; /**  * 令牌前缀  */ private static final String TOKEN_PREFIX = "ybclass"; /**  * 主题  */ private static final String SUBJECT = "ybclass"; /**  * 根据用户信息，生成令牌  *  * @param user  * @return  */ public static String geneJsonWebToken(User user) {  String token = Jwts.builder().setSubject(SUBJECT)    .claim("head_img", user.getHeadImg())    .claim("id", user.getId())    .claim("name", user.getName())    .setIssuedAt(new Date()) //令牌颁布时间    .setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + EXPIRE)) //过期时间    .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS256, SECRET) //加密方式    .compact();  token = TOKEN_PREFIX + token;  return token; } /**  * 校验token方法  *  * @param token  * @return  */ public static Claims checkJWT(String token) {  try {   final Claims claims = Jwts.parser()     .setSigningKey(SECRET)     .parseClaimsJws(token.replace(TOKEN_PREFIX, ""))     .getBody();   return claims;  } catch (Exception e) {   return null;  } }}
JWTUtils.java
try {   String accesToken = request.getHeader("token");   if (accesToken == null) {    accesToken = request.getParameter("token");   }   if (StringUtils.isNoneBlank(accesToken)) {    Claims claims = JWTUtils.checkJWT(accesToken);    if (claims == null) {     sendJsonMessage(response, JsonData.buildError("登陆过期，请重新登陆"));     //告诉登陆过期，重新登陆     return false;    }    Integer id = (Integer) claims.get("id");    String name = (String) claims.get("name");    request.setAttribute("user_id", id);    request.setAttribute("name", name);    return true;   }  } catch (Exception e) {  }  //登陆失败  sendJsonMessage(response, JsonData.buildError("登陆过期，请重新登陆"));  return false;=================  User user = userMapper.findByPhoneAndPwd(phone, CommonUtils.MD5(pwd));  return user == null ? null : JWTUtils.geneJsonWebToken(user);
拦截器部分代码
网关Zuul接口限流
　　采用谷歌guava框架，网关限流
改造api-gateway项目
创建OrderRatelimiterFilter
　　然后继承ZuulFilter，并使用springcloud继承的guava技术，只针对订单接口限流！！！
 
package com.ybchen.apigateway.filter;import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;/** * @ClassName：OrderRateLimiterFilter * @Description：订单接口限流 * @Author：chenyb * @Date：2020/11/9 11:32 下午 * @Versiion：1.0 */public class OrderRateLimiterFilter extends ZuulFilter { //限流令牌，每秒创建多少令牌，注意：springcloud 默认集成guava private static final RateLimiter RATE_LIMITER = RateLimiter.create(1000); @Override public String filterType() {  return PRE_TYPE; } @Override public int filterOrder() {  return -4; } @Override public boolean shouldFilter() {  //1、获取上下文  RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();  //2、获取HttpServletRequest  HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();  String url = request.getRequestURI();  System.out.println("限流请求路径url=========>" + url);  //只对订单接口限流  if ((url == null ? "" : url.toLowerCase()).startsWith("/apigate/order")) {   return true;  }  return false; } @Override public Object run() throws ZuulException {  RequestContext currentContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();  HttpServletRequest request = currentContext.getRequest();  if (!RATE_LIMITER.tryAcquire()) {   currentContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);   currentContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());  }  return null; }}
Zuul集群
　　技术栈：nginx+lvs+keepalive
案例源码下载
链接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bNIh-8nSCMcU7FjVVzlBnA 密码: 4wf9
 
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导读　　之前写过一篇SpringCloud从入门到精通的点我直达，微服务基础知识点我直达，今天我们使用SpringCloud模拟一个电商项目。分别有以下2个服务，商品、订单。下面我们开始叭技术栈SpringBoot整合SpringCloud通信方式：httprestful注册中心：eruka断路器：hystrix网关：zuul商品服务功能点商品列表商品详情订单服务功能点我的订单下单接口搭建Eure
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