星空女人频道: 2013-12-01

2013年12月7日星期六

Viewpoints Energy harvesting meets Raspberry Pi

2013/12/06

Front_of_Raspberry_Pi At first glance the Raspberry Pi looks like a simple programming board, not bigger than a credit card, with some ports. At second glance, it is exactly what it looks like.

But this very simplicity resulted in an unparalleled success with approximately 1,000,000 boards sold in the first year. If each Pi is stacked end-to-end, it would reach the length of 10,140 double-decker buses.

The Pi’s special feature is its combined flexibility and performance. Due to its many ports, it can connect to a large number of external devices used in our daily life, such as USB peripherals, HDMI for TVs or monitors, SD memory cards, Ethernet for all Internet-based connections or audio and video streaming. And it fits in a pocket.

A strong community of electronic and computing enthusiasts develop several Pi-based applications. One of these is home automation.

With its multi-connectivity and powerful processing options, the Raspberry Pi is the perfect platform for a low-cost smart home gateway which controls energy harvesting wireless sensors. This can be realised in a few steps.

Batteryless sensors and switches are ideal to get started with home automation. The devices are powered by an electro-dynamic energy converter which uses mechanical motion, or a miniaturised solar module which generates energy from light. Combining a thermoelectric converter with a DC/DC converter taps heat as an energy source. The radio protocol uses sub 1 GHz frequency bands, wireless signals are just 0.7 milliseconds in duration and are transmitted multiple times for redundancy.

To transform the Raspberry Pi into a smart home server integrating energy harvesting wireless solutions, the following accessories are needed: power supply (~1A) with micro USB plug, HDMI cable, SD card (e.g. 4GB), Ethernet cable or USB WLAN stick and an EnOcean Pi board. As a first step, Raspian wheezy image (Debian Linux for Raspberry Pi) needs to be installed on the SD card.

This is available for download at the raspberrypi.org website. After plugging the SD card to the Pi board and its configuration, EnOcean Pi needs to be connected on the Raspberry Pi’s top.

As default, the serial port of the GPIO interface is used for console debug outputs. In order to use this port for EnOcean Pi, this feature has to be disabled first. In a next step, the connection can be tested with raw data from EnOcean Pi by using hexdump.

For this, EnOcean Pi provides a serial stream of EnOcean radio telegrams according to ESP3 protocol (EnOcean Serial Protocol 3.0). The protocol describes the serial communication between a host and energy harvesting wireless receivers.

For remote control via TTY (e.g. PuTTY) or HTML server connections, the IP address of Raspberry Pi is needed. Users can get the allocated IP address (e.g. by DHCP server) by typing in the command: “ifconfig”. After this, developers can start with the installation of a building automation server based on GPL software (General Public License) such as FHEM or openHAB. Instructions can be found on the according websites.

The EnOcean Pi accessory is supplied with free to download EnOcean Link Trial version middleware. It decodes and encodes data communication according to the EnOcean profile standard and executes device connection. The trial version offers a selection of application profiles as well as instructions, for testing the basic functionality of the software.

With these components, users now can start to use the Raspberry Pi-based home automation server to automate common tasks like switching lamps, scene illuminations or pulling blinds, measure and visualise power consumption, temperature and humidity.

EnOcean Pi serves as a gateway controller to batteryless wireless applications. This could be a solar-powered radio sensor (e.g. STM 330 temperature sensor or STM 320 reed contact sensor) which periodically sends values to be interpreted and displayed via the web interface. With the duo of Raspberry Pi and EnOcean Pi, developers can open up the world to energy harvesting wireless control in a few steps.
Laurent Giai-Miniet, CEO, EnOcean

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

We have built up long term business relationship with about many companies which are stockers and authorized agents. we have a steady and reliable supply to meet customer's demands to the greatest extent .Confidently, we are able to lower your cost and support your business with our years of professional service.

SUV System Ltd is Electronic Components Distributor Supplies,Find Quality Electronic Components Supplies Products IC(Integrated Circuits),Connectors,Capacitor,Resistors,Diodes,Transistors,LED at Suvsystem.com. Sourcing Other Energy, Environment, Excess Inventory Products from Manufacturers and Suppliers at Suvsystem.com

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

SUV System Ltd insists on the managing faith ofsincereness,speciality,foresight, win-win,so we build up stable-relationship customers located all over the world, including the States, Europe, Argentina, UAE, Malaysia, Australia,and India etc

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Electronic News Cypress IC TOSHIBA Diodes TI IC TOSHIBA Transistors DIODES Transistors components IC(Integrated Circuits) Vishay resistors High Precision Resistors AVX Resistors YAGEO Resistors IR transistor BB IC NS IC ST Transistors Thin Film Resistors Low Ohmic Resistors IR Diodes Resistors Chip Fuses Atmel IC Switches Kingbrigt LED Xilinx IC Infineon Technologies Transistors AGILENT LED MAXIM IC Fleld Effect Transistors PANASONIC Resistor Networks Digital Transistors Capacitor Thick Film Resistors Resistor Arrays LED FAIRCHILD diodes ALTERA IC PANASONIC Resistors ST Diodes
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7803.aspx

Growing giants: Huge grains of copper promote better graphene growth

Now a research team at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colo., may help bring graphene's promise closer to reality. While searching for an ideal growth platform for the material, investigators developed a promising new recipe for a graphene substrate: a thin film of copper with massive crystalline grains. The team's findings appear in the journal AIP Advances, which is produced by AIP Publishing.

The key advance is the grain size of the copper substrate. The large grains are several centimeters in size -- lunkers by microelectronics standards -- but their relative bulk enables them to survive the high temperatures needed for graphene growth, explained NIST researcher Mark Keller.

The inability of most copper films to survive this stage of graphene growth "has been one problem preventing wafer-scale production of graphene devices," Keller said.

Thin films are an essential component of many electronic, optical, and medical technologies, but the grains in these films are typically smaller than one micrometer. To fabricate the new copper surface, whose grains are about 10,000 times larger, the researchers came up with a two-step process.

First, they deposited copper onto a sapphire wafer held slightly above room temperature. Second, they added the transformative step of annealing, or heat-treating, the film at a much higher temperature, near the melting point of copper. To demonstrate the viability of their giant-grained film, the researchers successfully grew graphene grains 0.2 millimeters in diameter on the new copper surface.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Business US moves to end patent abuse

2013/12/06

Us_senate_seal Patent trolls could have their wings clipped if the US Senate follows the House of Representatives in passing a Bill to make it more difficult for patent trolls to sue for infringement.

The Bill puts more of an onus on the patent-holder to describe their invention and how the patent on it has been infringed, and reduces the amount of information required from the alleged infringer.

The Bill was supported by Google, Cisco, Microsoft and other big companies who say that patent litigation is becoming an “expensive distraction”.

The argument on the other side is that big companies routinely ignore patents, stealing IP to use in their products and not taking a licence to use it.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

INTERSIL IC Digital Transistors NEC Diodes PANASONIC Resistors VISHAY IC Current Sensors Resistors Atmel IC NXP Diodes MURATA IC LINEAR IC Discrete Semiconductor Transistors NEC Transistors Low Ohmic Resistors Resistor Networks LED Fleld Effect Transistors Chip Inductors HARRIS IC Thin Film Resistors Electronic News Chip Fuses TOSHIBA Transistors Connectors ON Diodes IR transistor About US components ST Transistors Texas Instruments(TI) IC Military IC NS IC TDK IC ELPIDA IC Infineon Technologies Transistors Microchip IC High Precision Resistors LED part SANYO IC LITTELFUSE Diodes Xilinx IC
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7787.aspx

2013年12月6日星期五

Business 244 LTE deployments.

2013/12/06

244 operators have commercially launched LTE services in 92 countries,says the GSA.

98 LTE networks have been commercially launched so far in 2013.

499 operators are investing in LTE in 143 countries – made up of 448 firm operator commitments to build LTE networks in 134 countries, plus 51 additional operators engaged in various trials, studies, etc. in a further 9 countries.

From amongst the committed operators, 244 have commercially launched services, which is 78% more than a year ago.

GSA forecasts there will be 260 LTE networks in commercial service by the end of this year.

The majority of LTE operators have deployed the FDD mode of the standard. The most widely used band in network deployments continues to be 1800 MHz which is used in over 44% of commercially launched LTE networks. 108 operators worldwide have launched LTE1800 (band 3) systems, 157% more than a year ago, in 58 countries, either as a single band system, or as part of a multi-band deployment.

1800 MHz spectrum is typically refarmed from its original use for 2G/GSM, facilitated by technology-neutral licensing policies.

As 1800 MHz is the prime band for LTE deployments worldwide, it will greatly assist international roaming for mobile broadband. Mobile licences for 1800 MHz have bee n awarded to 350+ operators in nearly 150 countries.

The number of LTE1800 terminals has tripled in each of the past 2 years. One third of all announced LTE user devices can operate in 1800 MHz band 3 spectrum. LTE1800 is a mature, mainstream technology.

The next most popular contiguous bands are 2.6 GHz (band 7) as used in 29% of networks in commercial service today, followed by 800 MHz (band 20) in 12% of networks, and AWS (band 4) in 8% of networks.

Interest in the TDD mode continues to be strengthening globally ahead of the large-scale commercial deployments in China. Worldwide, 25 LTE TDD (TD-LTE) systems are commercially launched in 20 countries, of which 12 are deployed in combined LTE FDD & TDD operations.

Voice service has moved up the agenda for many LTE operators as network coverage has improved and as the penetration and usage of LTE-capable smartphones has increased.

VoLTE services have been launched by operators in Asia, Europe, and North America and several more operators have committed to VoLTE deployments and launches over the next few months.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

PANASONIC Discrete Semiconductor Transistors Zener Diodes YAGEO Resistors Capacitor Diodes Inc MOTOROLA IC Switching Diodes Multi-units Transistors Voltage Regulators Transistors INFLNEON Diodes Digital Transistors AVX Resistors ON Diodes IR transistor TOSHIBA Transistors FAIRCHILD diodes ST Transistors NEC Transistors Thick Film Resistors Low Ohmic Resistors components Diodes LED part NXP Transistors Infineon Technologies Transistors Dialight LED Metal Can Packages Transistors AD IC Transistors Thin Film Resistors MURATA IC ROHM Resistors Other Parts Renesas parts IC AGILENT LED ELPIDA IC DIODES Transistors Vishay resistors High Precision Resistors
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7781.aspx

Sensors Hall effect current sensor aims at electric vehicles

2013/12/06

11dec13MelexisMLX91208 Melexis has released a fast Hall-effect current sensor for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and solar generation.

Response time is 3µs, for dc and ac measurements up to 200kHz, and transfer characteristics are adjustable for sensitivity, gain and offset through control parameters stored on the built-in EEPROM.

There are two versions: MLX91208CAL for low magnetic fields (100-700mV/mT) and MLX91208CAH for medium fields (50-300mV/mT). Operating range is -40 to +150°C, with typical sensitivity drift of +/-150ppm/°C. http://www.melexis.com/MLX91208

11dec13MelexisShield 300 “Sensitivity stems from the integrated magnetic concentrator layer deposited onto the semiconductor die,” said the firm. “Current sensing systems based on the series are expected to exhibit accuracy exceeding +/-0.5% at room temperature or +/-2% at the extremes of the specified temperature range.”

Output is described by Melexis as “fast analogue, 12bit resolution DAC”.

To save a pin, calibration is done using the company’s ‘programming through connector’ protocol in which the supply voltage is modulated.

Packaging is standard SO-8 package, and a 48bit ID number is stored inside.

Currently, access to the data sheet is restricted.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

LED Lighting LEDs compete in streetlighting big league

2013/12/06

11dec13Cree 507 Cree has released a high-output street light that can replace high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps up to 400W for multi-lane road applications.

Called LEDway HO, it “provides directional light at nine adjustable lumen output levels, reducing energy consumption by more than 50 percent compared to HPS street lights in most roadway applications”, said the firm.

That said, the spec. shows 274W consumption from 120-277V (50/60Hz), which is a 32% energy reduction from 400W.

Power Factor is over 0.9 and harmonic distortion is under 20%, both at full load.

Colour temperature options are 4,000 or 5,700K, with CRI above 70.

Output is between 25,000 and 26,800 lm depending on options selected, predicted to be 84% of initial value after 50,000h at 25°C.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

ALTERA IC Diodes Transistors High Precision Resistors IR transistor Fairchild Semiconductor Transistors Vishay resistors TOSHIBA Diodes Electronic News Connectors IR Diodes INFLNEON Diodes Resistor Networks components TI IC VISHAY IC Discrete Semiconductor Transistors Infineon Technologies Transistors INTERSIL IC TDK IC ON Diodes LED Microchip IC NXP Diodes Industrial IC LINEAR IC Freescale Semiconductor Resistor Arrays Schottky Diodes ELPIDA IC Thin Film Resistors SANYO IC Chip Inductors MOTOROLA IC Xilinx IC Diodes Inc Multi-units Transistors Civil IC Transistors Freescale NEC Diodes
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7769.aspx

Vaginally administered erectile dysfunction medication may alleviate menstrual cramping, study suggests

Dec. 5, 2013 — Women with moderate to severe menstrual cramps may find relief in a class of erectile dysfunction drugs, according to a team of researchers led by Penn State College of Medicines Richard Legro.

Share This:

Primary dysmenorrhea, also called PD, is the most common cause of pelvic pain in women. The current treatment is non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen. However, ibuprofen does not work well for all women, and can be associated with ulcers and kidney damage when used chronically as it often is for PD.

Sildenafil citrate, sold under the brand name Viagra, may help with pelvic pain because it can lead to dilation of the blood vessels. Previous research shows that taking it orally can alleviate pelvic pain, but the incidence of side effects -- often headaches -- may be too high for routine use.

The researchers looked at administering sildenafil citrate vaginally, which had not yet been tried, to treat PD. They compared pain relief fromuse of sildenafil vaginally with that of a placebo. Results were published in Human Reproduction.

Penn State College of Medicine researchers worked with researchers at Nova Gradiska General Hospital in Croatia. They recruited women 18 to 35 years old who suffered from moderate to severe PD. Of the 29 women screened for the study, 25 were randomized to receive either sildenafil or a placebo drug.

Patients rated their pain over four consecutive hours. Sildenafil citrate administered vaginally alleviates acute menstrual pain with no reported side effects. Researchers hypothesized that the drug would alleviatepain, which it does, but also that is does so by increasing blood flow. However, because uterine blood flow increased from both sildenafil and the placebo, the reason it alleviates pain is not yet known.

"If future studies confirm these findings, sildenafil may become a treatment option for patients with PD," said Legro, professor of obstetrics and gynecology and public health sciences. "Since PD is a condition that most women suffer from and seek treatment for at some points in their lives, the quest for new medication is justified."

Larger studies must be completed to validate the small sample of this study, and additional research is needed to see whether sildenafil changes the menstrual bleeding pattern.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Kingbrigt LED MAXIM IC chip Filter saws Switching Diodes Other Parts Thin Film Resistors About US NEC Transistors YAGEO Resistors Switches MURATA IC IDT IC DIODES Transistors IR Diodes LITTELFUSE Diodes NXP Diodes Fast Recovery Diodes FAIRCHILD diodes PANASONIC ON Transistors Metal Can Packages Transistors MOTOROLA IC ST Diodes Voltage Regulators Transistors Electronic News Schottky Diodes Resistor Arrays Renesas parts IC Bipolar Transistors Digital Transistors components Vishay resistors Capacitor Resistor Networks Xilinx IC LED part Chip Inductors Microchip IC Civil IC ST Transistors
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7765.aspx

How mosquitoes are drawn to human skin and breath

Why does the mosquito change its track and fly towards skin? How does it detect our skin? What are the odors from skin that it detects? And can we block the mosquito skin odor sensors and reduce attractiveness?

Recent research done by scientists at the University of California, Riverside can now help address these questions. They report on Dec. 5 in the journal Cell that the very receptors in the mosquito's maxillary palp that detect carbon dioxide are ones that detect skin odors as well, thus explaining why mosquitoes are attracted to skin odor -- smelly socks, worn clothes, bedding -- even in the absence of CO₂.

"It was a real surprise when we found that the mosquito's CO₂ receptor neuron, designated cpA, is an extremely sensitive detector of several skin odorants as well, and is, in fact, far more sensitive to some of these odor molecules as compared to CO₂," said Anandasankar Ray, an associate professor in the Department of Entomology and the project's principal investigator. "For many years we had primarily focused on the complex antennae of mosquitoes for our search for human-skin odor receptors, and ignored the simpler maxillary palp organs."

Until now, which mosquito olfactory neurons were required for attraction to skin odor remained a mystery. The new finding -- that the CO₂-sensitive olfactory neuron is also a sensitive detector of human skin -- is critical not only for understanding the basis of the mosquito's host attraction and host preference, but also because it identifies this dual receptor of CO₂ and skin-odorants as a key target that could be useful to disrupt host-seeking behavior and thus aid in the control of disease transmission.

To test whether cpA activation by human odor is important for attraction, the researchers devised a novel chemical-based strategy to shut down the activity of cpA in Aedes aegypti, the dengue-spreading mosquito. They then tested the mosquito's behavior on human foot odor -- specifically, on a dish of foot odor-laden beads placed in an experimental wind tunnel -- and found the mosquito's attraction to the odor was greatly reduced.

Next, using a chemical computational method they developed, the researchers screened nearly half a million compounds and identified thousands of predicted ligands. They then short-listed 138 compounds based on desirable characteristics such as smell, safety, cost and whether these occurred naturally. Several compounds either inhibited or activated cpA neurons of which nearly 85 percent were already approved for use as flavor, fragrance or cosmetic agents. Better still, several were pleasant-smelling, such as minty, raspberry, chocolate, etc., increasing their value for practical use in mosquito control.

Confident that they were on the right track, the researchers then zeroed in on two compounds: ethyl pyruvate, a fruity-scented cpA inhibitor approved as a flavor agent in food; and cyclopentanone, a minty-smelling cpA activator approved as a flavor and fragrance agent. By inhibiting the cpA neuron, ethyl pyruvate was found in their experiments to substantially reduce the mosquito's attraction towards a human arm. By activating the cpA neuron, cyclopentanone served as a powerful lure, like CO₂, attracting mosquitoes to a trap.

"Such compounds can play a significant role in the control of mosquito-borne diseases and open up very realistic possibilities of developing ways to use simple, natural, affordable and pleasant odors to prevent mosquitoes from finding humans," Ray said. "Odors that block this dual-receptor for CO₂ and skin odor can be used as a way to mask us from mosquitoes. On the other hand, odors that can act as attractants can be used to lure mosquitoes away from us into traps. These potentially affordable 'mask' and 'pull' strategies could be used in a complementary manner, offering an ideal solution and much needed relief to people in Africa, Asia and South America -- indeed wherever mosquito-borne diseases are endemic. Further, these compounds could be developed into products that protect not just one individual at a time but larger areas, and need not have to be directly applied on the skin."

Currently, CO₂ is the primary lure in mosquito traps. Generating CO₂ requires burning fuel, evaporating dry ice, releasing compressed gas or fermentation of sugar -- all of which is expensive, cumbersome, and impractical for use in developing countries. Compounds identified in this study, like cyclopentanone, offer a safe, affordable and convenient alternative that can finally work with surveillance and control traps.

Ray was joined in the study by the three UCR co-first authors Genevieve M. Tauxe, Dyan MacWilliam and Sean Michael Boyle; and Tom Guda. Boyle is now a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University.

The team tested the efficacy of ethyl pyruvate in the lab on Aedes aegypti using an arm-in-cage set-up (the experimenter's hand was gloved and not exposed to mosquito bites or the test chemicals). The researchers tested the efficacy of cyclopentanone as a lure on C. quinquefasciatus, the mosquito that spreads West Nile virus and filariasis, using traps in a modified greenhouse at UC Riverside.

Funding for the research was provided by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (grants RO1A1087785 and R56A1099778), the National Science Foundation, the University of California Global Health Institute and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.

The UCR Office of Technology Commercialization has filed patents for inventions reported in the research paper. Some pending patents have been licensed to Olfactor Laboratories Inc. to pursue further development and commercialization.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Fairchild Semiconductor Transistors Current Sensors Resistors About US Diodes BB IC TDK IC Resistor Networks Resistors YAGEO Resistors components LITTELFUSE Diodes VISHAY IC Other Parts ALTERA IC Connectors Atmel IC IR Diodes MURATA IC Schottky Diodes ST Transistors Cypress IC NEC Diodes Bipolar Transistors ON Diodes NEC Transistors PANASONIC Resistors High Precision Resistors IC(Integrated Circuits) ST Diodes NXP Diodes Military IC Chip Ferrite Beads LED part Multi-units Transistors Low Ohmic Resistors Transistors AD IC IR transistor Chip Fuses Zener Diodes
http://www.suvsystem.com/a/7761.aspx

Probiotic therapy alleviates autism-like behaviors in mice

Dec. 5, 2013 — Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is diagnosed when individuals exhibit characteristic behaviors that include repetitive actions, decreased social interactions, and impaired communication. Curiously, many individuals with ASD also suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) issues, such as abdominal cramps and constipation.

Share This:

Using the co-occurrence of brain and gut problems in ASD as their guide, researchers at the California Institute Technology (Caltech) are investigating a potentially transformative new therapy for autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.

The gut microbiota -- the community of bacteria that populate the human GI tract -- previously has been shown to influence social and emotional behavior, but the Caltech research, published online in the December 5 issue of the journal Cell, is the first to demonstrate that changes in these gut bacteria can influence autism-like behaviors in a mouse model.

"Traditional research has studied autism as a genetic disorder and a disorder of the brain, but our work shows that gut bacteria may contribute to ASD-like symptoms in ways that were previously unappreciated," says Professor of Biology Sarkis K. Mazmanian. "Gut physiology appears to have effects on what are currently presumed to be brain functions."

To study this gut-microbiota-brain interaction, the researchers used a mouse model of autism previously developed at Caltech in the laboratory of Paul H. Patterson, the Anne P. and Benjamin F. Biaggini Professor of Biological Sciences. In humans, having a severe viral infection raises the risk that a pregnant woman will give birth to a child with autism. Patterson and his lab reproduced the effect in mice using a viral mimic that triggers an infection-like immune response in the mother and produces the core behavioral symptoms associated with autism in the offspring.

In the new Cell study, Mazmanian, Patterson, and their colleagues found that the "autistic" offspring of immune-activated pregnant mice also exhibited GI abnormalities. In particular, the GI tracts of autistic-like mice were "leaky," which means that they allow material to pass through the intestinal wall and into the bloodstream. This characteristic, known as intestinal permeability, has been reported in some autistic individuals. "To our knowledge, this is the first report of an animal model for autism with comorbid GI dysfunction," says Elaine Hsiao, a senior research fellow at Caltech and the first author on the study.

To see whether these GI symptoms actually influenced the autism-like behaviors, the researchers treated the mice with Bacteroides fragilis, a bacterium that has been used as an experimental probiotic therapy in animal models of GI disorders.

The result? The leaky gut was corrected.

In addition, observations of the treated mice showed that their behavior had changed. In particular, they were more likely to communicate with other mice, had reduced anxiety, and were less likely to engage in a repetitive digging behavior.

"The B. fragilis treatment alleviates GI problems in the mouse model and also improves some of the main behavioral symptoms," Hsiao says. "This suggests that GI problems could contribute to particular symptoms in neurodevelopmental disorders."

With the help of clinical collaborators, the researchers are now planning a trial to test the probiotic treatment on the behavioral symptoms of human autism. The trial should begin within the next year or two, says Patterson.

"This probiotic treatment is postnatal, which means that the mother has already experienced the immune challenge, and, as a result, the growing fetuses have already started down a different developmental path," Patterson says. "In this study, we can provide a treatment after the offspring have been born that can help improve certain behaviors. I think that's a powerful part of the story."

The researchers stress that much work is still needed to develop an effective and reliable probiotic therapy for human autism -- in part because there are both genetic and environmental contributions to the disorder, and because the immune-challenged mother in the mouse model reproduces only the environmental component.

"Autism is such a heterogeneous disorder that the ratio between genetic and environmental contributions could be different in each individual," Mazmanian says. "Even if B. fragilis ameliorates some of the symptoms associated with autism, I would be surprised if it's a universal therapy -- it probably won't work for every single case."

The Caltech team proposes that particular beneficial bugs are intimately involved in regulating the release of metabolic products (or metabolites) from the gut into the bloodstream. Indeed, the researchers found that in the leaky intestinal wall of the autistic-like mice, certain metabolites that were modulated by microbes could both easily enter the circulation and affect particular behaviors.

"I think our results may someday transform the way people view possible causes and potential treatments for autism," Mazmanian says.

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

Coffee or beer? The choice could affect your genome

Now Prof. Martin Kupiec and his team at Tel Aviv University's Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology have discovered that the beverages may also have opposite effects on your genome. Working with a kind of yeast that shares many important genetic similarities with humans, the researchers found that caffeine shortens and alcohol lengthens telomeres -- the end points of chromosomal DNA, implicated in aging and cancer.

"For the first time we've identified a few environmental factors that alter telomere length, and we've shown how they do it," said Prof. Kupiec. "What we learned may one day contribute to the prevention and treatment of human diseases."

Researchers from TAU's Blavatnik School of Computer Science and Columbia University's Department of Biological Sciences collaborated on the research, published in PLOS Genetics.

Between death and immortality

Telomeres, made of DNA and proteins, mark the ends of the strands of DNA in our chromosomes. They are essential to ensuring that the DNA strands are repaired and copied correctly. Every time a cell duplicates, the chromosomes are copied into the new cell with slightly shorter telomeres. Eventually, the telomeres become too short, and the cell dies. Only fetal and cancer cells have mechanisms to avoid this fate; they go on reproducing forever.

The researchers set out to expand on a 2004 study by Nobel Prize-winning molecular biologist Prof. Elizabeth Blackburn, which suggested that emotional stress causes the shortening of the telomeres characteristic of aging, presumably by generating free radicals in the cells. The researchers grew yeast cells in conditions that generate free radicals to test the effect on telomere length. They were surprised to find that the length did not change.

They went on to expose the yeast cells to 12 other environmental stressors. Most of the stressors -- from temperature and pH changes to various drugs and chemicals -- had no effect on telomere length. But a low concentration of caffeine, similar to the amount found in a shot of espresso, shortened telomeres, and exposure to a 5-to-7 percent ethanol solution lengthened telomeres.

From yeasts to you

To understand these changes, the TAU researchers scanned 6,000 strains of the yeast, each with a different gene deactivated. They then conducted genetic tests on the strains with the longest and shortest telomeres, revealing that two genes, Rap1 and Rif1, are the main players mediating environmental stressors and telomere length. In total, some 400 genes interact to maintain telomere length, the TAU researchers note, underscoring the importance of this gene network in maintaining the stability of the genome. Strikingly, most of these yeast genes are also present in the human genome.

"This is the first time anyone has analyzed a complex system in which all of the genes affecting it are known," said Prof. Kupiec. "It turns out that telomere length is something that's very exact, which suggests that precision is critical and should be protected from environmental effects."

More laboratory work is needed to prove a causal relationship, not a mere correlation, between telomere length and aging or cancer, the researchers say. Only then will they know whether human telomeres respond to the same signals as yeast, potentially leading to medical treatments and dietary guidelines. For now, Prof. Kupiec suggests, "Try to relax and drink a little coffee and a little beer."

Welcome to SUV System Ltd!

SUV System Ltd is ISO 90012008 Certified electronics distributor with 10 years of experiences.

Electronic Components distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com

Connectors Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Connectors-1.html

IC Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/IC(Integrated-Circuits)-1.html

LED Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/LED-1.html

Capacitor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Capacitor-1.html

Transistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Transistors-1.html

Resistor Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Resistors-1.html

Diode Distributor:http://www.suvsystem.com/l/Diodes-1.html

we are focus on the following fields,and hope we can help you.

订阅：博文 (Atom)